Introduction
Hydraulic tools’ power components serve to convert the mechanical energy of the prime mover into the pressure energy of the fluid. It refers to the oil pump in the hydraulic system, which provides power to the whole hydraulic system.
Hydraulic pump structure form generally have gear pump, vane pump and plunger pump.
Actuating components (such as hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic motors) is the role of the liquid pressure energy into mechanical energy, drive the load for linear reciprocating motion or rotary motion.
Control elements (i.e., a variety of hydraulic valves) in the hydraulic system to control and regulate the pressure, flow and direction of the liquid.
According to the different control functions, hydraulic valves can be divided into pressure control valves, flow control valves and directional control valves.
Pressure control valves are subdivided into relief valves (safety valves), pressure reducing valves, sequence valves, pressure relays, etc..
flow control valves including throttle valves, adjustment valves, shunt collector valves, etc..
Directional control valves include check valves, hydraulic check valves, shuttle valves, reversing valves, etc.
According to the different control methods, hydraulic valves can be divided into switching control valves, fixed value control valves and proportional control valves.
Auxiliary components include oil tanks, oil filters, oil pipes and pipe joints, seals, pressure gauges, oil level oil thermometers, etc.
Hydraulic oil is the working medium for transferring energy in the hydraulic system, there are various mineral oil, emulsion and synthetic hydraulic oil and other major categories.
The principle of hydraulic pressure
It is composed of two liquid cylinders of different sizes, filled with water or oil in the liquid cylinder.
The water-filled one is called “water press”; the oil-filled one is called “oil press”.
If a certain value of pressure is added to the small piston, according to Pascal’s law, the small piston will transfer this pressure to the large piston through the pressure of the liquid, and the large piston will be topped up. Let the cross-sectional area of the small piston is S1, the downward pressure added to the small piston is F1. So, the pressure of the small piston on the liquid is P = F1/SI, which can be transferred in all directions by the liquid with constant magnitude”. If the cross-sectional area of the large piston is S2, the upward pressure F2 = PxS2 generated by the pressure P on the large piston is a multiple of the cross-sectional area of the small piston. From the above equation, we know that adding a smaller force on the small piston will result in a large force on the large piston. For this reason, hydraulic presses are used to press plywood, extract oil, extract heavy objects, forge steel, etc.